Ad orationem divi Severi et Commodi liber singularis
Dig. 23,2,20Paulus libro singulari ad orationem divi Severi et Commodi. Sciendum est ad officium curatoris non pertinere, nubat pupilla an non, quia officium eius in administratione negotiorum constat: et ita Severus et Antoninus rescripserunt in haec verba: ‘Ad officium curatoris administratio pupillae pertinet: nubere autem pupilla suo arbitrio potest’.
Paulus, On the Rescript of the Divine Severus and Commodus. It must be remembered that it is not one of the functions of a curator to see that his ward is married, or not; because his duties only relate to the transaction of business. This Severus and Antoninus stated in a Rescript in the following words: “It is the duty of a curator to manage the affairs of his ward, but the ward can marry, or not, as she pleases.”
Dig. 27,9,2Paulus libro singulari ad orationem divi Severi. Sed hic videtur illud movere, quod cum dominio pignus quaesitum est et ab initio obligatio inhaesit. quod si a fisco emerit, nec dubitatio est, quin ius pignoris salvum sit. si igitur talis species in privato venditore inciderit, imperiali beneficio opus est, ut ex rescripto pignus confirmetur.
Ad Dig. 27,9,2Windscheid: Lehrbuch des Pandektenrechts, 7. Aufl. 1891, Bd. I, § 212, Note 12.Paulus, On the Decree of the Divine Severus. But here a difficulty arises, for the reason that a pledge becomes operative at the same time with the acquisition of ownership, and the obligation becomes a part of the transaction from the very beginning. But what if the minor made the purchase from the Treasury? There is no doubt in this instance that the right to the pledge would remain unimpaired. Therefore, where an instance of this kind arises in a sale to a private vendor, application must be made to the Emperor in order that the pledge may be confirmed by a Rescript.
Dig. 27,9,4Paulus libro singulari ad orationem divi Severi. quod tamen privatis licet possidere:
Paulus, On the Decree of the Divine Severus. Which private individuals have a right to possess:
Dig. 27,9,13Paulus libro singulari ad orationem divi Severi. Si fundus sit sterilis vel saxosus vel pestilens, videndum est, an alienare eum non possit. et imperator Antoninus et divus pater eius in haec verba rescripserunt: ‘Quod allegastis infructuosum esse fundum, quem vendere vultis, movere nos non potest, cum utique pro fructuum modo pretium inventurus sit’. 1Quamquam autem neque distrahere neque obligare tutor pupillare praedium possit, attamen Papinianus libro quinto responsorum ait tutorem pupilli sine decreto praetoris non iure distrahere: si tamen, inquit, errore lapsus vendiderit et pretium acceptum creditoribus paternis pueri solverit, quandoque domino praedium cum fructibus vindicanti doli non inutiliter opponitur, exceptio pretium ac medii temporis usuras, quae creditoribus debentur, non offerenti, si ex ceteris eius facultatibus aes alienum solvi non poterit. ego autem notavi: etsi solvi potuerit, si tamen illae res salvae erunt, ex quarum pretio aeri alieno satisfieri potuit, dicendum est adhuc doli exceptionem obstare, si lucrum captet pupillus ex damno alieno.
Paulus, On the Decree of the Divine Severus. Where a tract of land belonging to a ward is either sterile, stony, or pestilential, it should be considered whether or not the guardian can alienate it. The Emperor Antoninus and his Divine Father stated the following in a Rescript with reference to this subject: “The fact that you allege that the land which you desire to sell is unfruitful has no weight with us, since a price can only be obtained for the same in proportion to the crops which it will yield.” 1Although a guardian can neither sell nor encumber land belonging to his ward, still Papinianus states in the Fifth Book of Opinions that a guardian cannot legally dispose of the land of the ward without a decree of the Prætor. He says, however, that where the guardian, through ignorance, sells the property, and pays the price received for the same to the creditors of the father of the minor, and the latter subsequently brings suit for recovery of the land, with the profits, from the owner; an exception on the ground of fraud can properly be pleaded, if the minor does not tender the price, and the interest for the intermediate time, which was due to the creditor, if the debt could not have been paid out of the property belonging to the ward. On this point I stated that even if the ward could have paid the debt out of other property, and the latter has been saved, it must be said that an exception on the ground of fraud can be interposed, if the ward was attempting to profit by the loss of another.