Ad edictum praetoris urbani libri
Ex De legatis libro primo
Dig. 30,65Idem libro primo de legatis ad edictum praetoris. Si ita legatum sit: ‘Seio servos decem do praeter eos decem, quos Titio legavi’, si quidem decem tantum inveniantur in hereditate, inutile est legatum, si vero ampliores, post eos, quos Titius elegit, in ceteris valet legatum, sed non in ampliores quam decem qui legati sunt: quod si minus sunt, in tantos, quanti inveniantur. 1‘Illi, si volet, Stichum do’: condicionale est legatum et non aliter ad heredem transit, quam si legatarius voluerit, quamvis alias quod sine adiectione ‘si volet’ legatum sit, ad heredem legatarii transmittitur: aliud est enim iuris, si quid tacite contineatur, aliud, si verbis exprimatur. 2Si domus fuerit legata, licet particulatim ita refecta sit, ut nihil ex pristina materia supersit, tamen dicemus utile manere legatum: at si ea domu destructa aliam eodem loco testator aedificaverit, dicemus interire legatum, nisi aliud testatorem sensisse fuerit adprobatum.
The Same, On the Edict of the Prætor, Concerning Legacies, Book I. Where a bequest is made as follows: “I give to Seius ten slaves, to addition to the ten which I have directly bequeathed to Titius.” Then if only ten are ascertained to belong to the estate, the legacy is void; but if more than that number remain after Titius has selected his ten, the legacy will be valid with respect to the others; but for no greater number than the ten which were bequeathed. If less than ten should remain, the bequest will be valid with reference to as many as are found. 1The bequest is conditional when expressed as follows, “I give Stichus to So-and-So, if he is willing to accept him,” and it does not pass to the heir, unless the legatee is willing to take it; although, otherwise, where a legacy is bequeathed without the addition, “If he wishes to accept,” it will be transferred to the heir of the legatee; for it is one thing in law where something is tacitly included, and another where it is expressed in words. 2If a house should be bequeathed, even though it has been gradually rebuilt, so that none of the original materials remain, we nevertheless say that the legacy will be valid; but if, after the house has been torn down, the testator should build another in its place, we must hold that the legacy is annulled, unless it should be proved that the intention of the testator was otherwise.
Dig. 30,67Idem libro primo de legatis ad edictum praetoris. Servus uni ex heredibus legatus si quid in hereditate malitiose fecisse dicatur (forte rationes interlevisse), non aliter adiudicandus est, quam ex eo volentibus coheredibus quaestio habeatur. idem est et si extraneo fuerit legatus. 1Si ex pluribus heredibus ex disparibus partibus institutis duobus eadem res legata sit, heredes non pro hereditaria portione, sed pro virili id legatum habere debent.
The Same, On the Edict of the Prætor, Concerning Legacies, Book I. Where a slave is bequeathed to one of several heirs, and is said to have maliciously committed some act against the estate, as, for instance, to have removed the accounts; he shall not be adjudged to the heir before being put to the torture, if the other heirs desire it. The same rule applies if he is bequeathed to a stranger. 1Ad Dig. 30,67,1Windscheid: Lehrbuch des Pandektenrechts, 7. Aufl. 1891, Bd. III, § 627, Note 8.Where the same property is bequeathed to two heirs out of several who have been appointed for different shares, each of the heirs will be entitled to half of the legacy, and not in proportion to their shares of the estate.