Corpus iurisprudentiae Romanae

Repertorium zu den Quellen des römischen Rechts

Digesta Iustiniani Augusti

Recognovit Mommsen (1870) et retractavit Krüger (1928)
Convertit in Anglica lingua Scott (1932)
Dig. L10,
De operibus publicis
Liber quinquagesimus
X.

De operibus publicis

(Concerning Public Works.)

1Ul­pia­nus li­bro se­cun­do opi­nio­num. Cu­ra­tor ope­rum crea­tus prae­scrip­tio­ne mo­tus ab ex­cu­sa­tio­ne per­fe­ren­da sic­uti ces­sa­tio­nis no­mi­ne, in qua quo­ad vi­vit mo­ra­tus est, he­redes suos ob­li­ga­tos re­li­quit, ita tem­po­ris, quod post mor­tem eius ces­sit, nul­lo one­re eos ob­strin­xit. 1Cu­ram ope­ris aquae duc­tus in alio iam mu­ne­re con­sti­tu­tus post­ea sus­ce­pe­rat. prae­pos­te­re vi­sus est pe­te­re ex­one­ra­ri prio­re utris­que iam im­pli­ci­tus, quan­do, si al­te­rum tan­tum sus­ti­ne­re eum opor­tuis­set, an­te pro­ba­bi­lius im­pe­tras­set prop­ter prius mu­nus a se­quen­ti ex­cu­sa­tio­nem.

1Ulpianus, Opinions, Book II. A certain man, having been appointed supervisor of public works, and desiring to be excused, did not succeed, but remained in office until he died. He left his heirs liable, but imposed no responsibility upon them from the time when his death occurred. 1A person who was already exercising the functions of a public office afterwards undertook the construction of an aqueduct. It seemed to be absurd for him to ask to be released from his former employment, when he was already charged with both; because if he had only intended to assume responsibility for one, it is more probable that he would have obtained exemption from the other, on account of that in which he was already engaged.

2Idem li­bro ter­tio opi­nio­num. Qui li­be­ra­li­ta­te, non ne­ces­si­ta­te de­bi­ti, red­itus suos in­ter­im ad ope­ra fi­nien­da con­ces­sit, mu­ni­fi­cen­tiae suae fruc­tum de in­scrip­tio­ne no­mi­nis sui ope­ri­bus, si qua fe­ce­rit, ca­pe­re per in­vi­diam non pro­hi­be­tur. 1Cu­ra­to­res ope­rum cum red­emp­to­ri­bus neg­otium ha­bent, res pu­bli­ca au­tem cum his, quos ef­fi­cien­do ope­ri prae­sti­tuit. qua­te­nus er­go et quis et cui ob­stric­tus est, aes­ti­ma­tio prae­si­dis pro­vin­ciae est. 2Ne eius no­mi­ne, cu­ius li­be­ra­li­ta­te opus ex­struc­tum est, era­so alio­rum no­mi­na in­scri­ban­tur et prop­ter­ea re­vo­cen­tur si­mi­les ci­vium in pa­trias li­be­ra­li­ta­tes, prae­ses pro­vin­ciae auc­to­ri­ta­tem suam in­ter­po­nat.

2The Same, Opinions, Book III. Anyone who, through liberality and not because of indebtedness, has devoted his income for a time to the purpose of completing public works, is not forbidden to obtain the reward of his generosity by having his name inscribed upon them. 1The supervisors of public works transact business with the contractors, but the State is only concerned with those appointed for that purpose. Therefore, the Governor of the province will repose confidence in the person who has charge of the work, as well as in the contractor who is liable to him. 2The Governor of a province should interpose his authority to prevent the name of him through whose generosity a public work has been constructed from being erased, and the names of others inscribed in its place; and also see that the evidence of similar liberalities bestowed by citizens upon their country shall not be removed.

3Ma­cer li­bro se­cun­do de of­fi­cio prae­si­dis. Opus no­vum pri­va­to et­iam si­ne prin­ci­pis auc­to­ri­ta­te fa­ce­re li­cet, prae­ter­quam si ad ae­mu­la­tio­nem al­te­rius ci­vi­ta­tis per­ti­neat vel ma­te­riam sed­itio­nis prae­beat vel cir­cum thea­trum vel am­phi­thea­trum sit. 1Pu­bli­co ve­ro sump­tu opus no­vum si­ne prin­ci­pis auc­to­ri­ta­te fie­ri non li­ce­re con­sti­tu­tio­ni­bus de­cla­ra­tur. 2In­scri­bi au­tem no­men ope­ri pu­bli­co al­te­rius quam prin­ci­pis aut eius, cu­ius pe­cu­nia id opus fac­tum sit, non li­cet.

3Macer, On the Duties of Governor, Book II. A private individual can construct a new work even without the authority of the Emperor, unless this is done through rivalry with another city, or may furnish material for sedition, or is a circus, a theatre, or an amphitheatre. 1It is stated by the Imperial Constitutions that it is not lawful for a new work to be constructed at the public expense without the authority of the Emperor. 2It is not lawful for any other name than that of the Emperor, or of him by whose money it was constructed, to be inscribed upon any public work.

4Mo­des­ti­nus li­bro un­de­ci­mo pan­dec­ta­rum. Nec prae­si­dis qui­dem no­men li­ce­bit su­per­scri­be­re.

4Modestinus, Pandects, Book XI. It is not lawful to inscribe even the name of the Governor upon a public work.

5Ul­pia­nus li­bro sin­gu­la­ri de of­fi­cio cu­ra­to­ris rei pu­bli­cae. Si le­ga­tum vel fi­dei­com­mis­sum fue­rit ad opus re­lic­tum, usu­rae quae et quan­do in­ci­piant de­be­ri, re­scrip­to di­vi Pii ita con­ti­ne­tur. ‘Si qui­dem dies non sit ab his, qui sta­tuas vel ima­gi­nes po­nen­das le­ga­ve­runt, prae­fi­ni­tus, a prae­si­de pro­vin­ciae tem­pus sta­tuen­dum est: et ni­si po­sue­rint he­redes, usu­ras le­vio­res in­tra sex men­ses, si mi­nus, sem­is­ses usu­ras rei pu­bli­cae pen­dant. si ve­ro dies da­tus est, pe­cu­niam de­po­nant in­tra diem, si aut non in­ve­ni­re se sta­tuas di­xe­rint aut lo­co con­tro­ver­siam fe­ce­rint: sem­is­ses pro­ti­nus pen­dant’. 1Fi­nes pu­bli­cos a pri­va­tis de­ti­ne­ri non opor­tet. cu­ra­bit igi­tur prae­ses pro­vin­ciae, si qui pu­bli­ci sunt, a pri­va­tis se­pa­ra­re et pu­bli­cos po­tius red­itus au­ge­re: si qua lo­ca pu­bli­ca vel ae­di­fi­cia in usus pri­va­to­rum in­ve­ne­rit, aes­ti­ma­re, utrum­ne vin­di­can­da in pu­bli­cum sint an vec­ti­gal eis sa­tius sit im­po­ni, et id, quod uti­lius rei pu­bli­cae in­tel­le­xe­rit, se­qui.

5Ulpianus, On the Duties of the Principal Magistrate of a City. When anyone bequeaths a legacy or property in trust for the construction of a public work, the interest on the same and the time when it begins to run are established by a Rescript of the Divine Pius in the following terms: “If the person leaving the legacy does not state the time when the statues or images shall be placed in position, it should be fixed by the Governor of the province; and if the heirs of the deceased do not do this within the prescribed time, they will, in six months, be liable to the payment of moderate interest, but if the said statues and images are not placed in position by that date they must pay interest at the rate of six per cent to the State. “When, however, a time was appointed, they must pay the money within that time; or, if they should allege that they have not found the statues, or cause any dispute to arise with reference to the place, they must immediately begin to pay interest at the rate of six per cent.” 1The boundaries of public lands must not be retained by private individuals. Therefore, the Governor of the province shall see that public lands are separated from those belonging to private persons, and endeavor to increase the public revenues. If he finds that any public places or buildings are occupied by private persons, he must estimate whether they should be demanded for the benefit of the public, or whether it would be better to lease them for a sufficient rent; and he must always pursue the course which he thinks will be of the greatest advantage to the State.

6Mo­des­ti­nus li­bro un­de­ci­mo pan­dec­ta­rum. De ope­ri­bus, quae in mu­ris vel por­tis vel re­bus pu­bli­cis fiunt, aut si mu­ri ex­struan­tur, di­vus Mar­cus re­scrip­sit prae­si­dem ad­itum con­su­le­re prin­ci­pem de­be­re.

6Modestinus, Pandects, Book XI. The Divine Marcus stated in a Rescript that the Governor of a province should consult the Emperor with reference to works which have been constructed on the walls or gates of cities, or other public property, and also where walls have been built.

7Cal­lis­tra­tus li­bro se­cun­do de co­gni­tio­ni­bus. Pe­cu­niam, quae in ope­ra no­va le­ga­ta est, po­tius in tu­te­lam eo­rum ope­rum quae sunt con­ver­ten­dam, quam ad in­choan­dum opus ero­gan­dam di­vus Pius re­scrip­sit: sci­li­cet si sa­tis ope­rum ci­vi­tas ha­beat et non fa­ci­le ad re­fi­cien­da ea pe­cu­nia in­ve­nia­tur. 1Si quis opus ab alio fac­tum ad­or­na­re mar­mo­ri­bus vel alio quo mo­do ex vo­lun­ta­te po­pu­li fac­tu­rum se pol­li­ci­tus sit, no­mi­nis pro­prii ti­tu­lo scri­ben­do: ma­nen­ti­bus prio­rum ti­tu­lis, qui ea ope­ra fe­cis­sent, id fie­ri de­be­re se­na­tus cen­suit. quod si pri­va­ti in ope­ra, quae pu­bli­ca pe­cu­nia fiant, ali­quam de suo ad­ie­ce­rint sum­mam, ita ti­tu­lo in­scrip­tio­nis uti eos de­be­re is­dem man­da­tis ca­ve­tur, ut quan­tam sum­mam con­tu­le­rint in id opus, in­scri­bant.

7Callistratus, On Judicial Inquiries, Book II. The Divine Pius stated in a Rescript that where money had been bequeathed for the construction of a new work, it was better for it to be employed for the preservation of works already existing than to be expended in the construction of new ones; that is to say, if the city had enough public works, and money was not easily obtained for their repair. 1When anyone wishes to adorn with marble, or in any other manner a work constructed by another, and he promises to do so according to the will of the people, the Senate decreed that this could be done if he inscribed his own name upon the work, but that he should allow the name of the person who built it in the first place to remain. Where, however, private individuals expend a sum of money of their own to the embellishment of a work already constructed with the public funds, it is provided by the same Imperial Mandates that they can have their names inscribed upon the work and state the amount of money which they had contributed to it.