An per alium causae appellationum reddi possunt
(Whether the Reasons for an Appeal Can be Presented by Another.)
1 Ulpianus libro quarto appellationum. Quaeri solet, an per alium causae appellationis reddi possunt: quae res in rebus pecuniariis et in criminibus agitari consuevit. et in rebus pecuniariis sunt rescripta posse agi. verba rescripti ita se habent: ‘divi fratres longino. si tibi qui appellavit mandavit, ut eum de appellatione, quam Pollia ad eum fecit, defenderes, et res pecuniaria est: nihil prohibet nomine eius te respondere. sin autem non sit pecuniaria causa, sed capitalis, per procuratorem agi non licet. sed et si ea causa sit, ex qua sequi solet poena usque ad relegationem, non oportet per alium causas agi, sed ipsum adesse auditorio debere sciendum est’. plane si pecuniaria causa est, ex qua ignominia sequitur, potest et per procuratorem hoc agi. idque erit probandum et in ipso accusatore, si appellaverit vel si adversus eum sit appellatum. et generaliter quae causa per alium agi non potest, eius nec appellationem per alium agi oportet.
1 Ulpianus, Appeals, Book IV. It is frequently asked whether the reasons for an appeal can be stated by another person, and this point is usually discussed in pecuniary and criminal cases. It is established by Rescripts that this can be done in pecuniary cases. The terms of one Rescript are as follows: “The Divine Brothers, to Longinus. If he who appealed directed you to defend him against the appeal which Pollia took against him, and the case is a pecuniary one, there is nothing to prevent you from answering in his name. If, however, the case is not a pecuniary one, but one involving the punishment of death, it is not permitted to proceed by an attorney. But if it is one in which a penalty as serious as relegation can be enforced, it is not necessary to act by another, but it should be noted that the party himself must appear in court.” It is clear that if the case is a pecuniary one, from which infamy may result, it can be conducted by means of an attorney. This opinion should be adopted, not only if the accuser should appeal, but also with reference to him against whom the appeal was taken; and, generally speaking, an appeal cannot be taken by another in any case where one person cannot appear by another.
2 Macer libro secundo de appellationibus. Si procurator absentis appellaverit, deinde rationes reddiderit, nihilo minus ipse respondere debet. sed an eo cessante dominus litis respondere possit exemplo adulescentis, videamus: magis tamen observatur, ut audiri debeat in causis appellationis reddendis is, cuius absentis procurator appellavit.
2 Macer, Appeals, Book II. When the attorney of an absent party appeals, and afterwards gives his reasons for doing so, he will, nevertheless, be obliged to answer. If, however, he fails to do so, can the party to the suit answer, as in the case of a minor? is a question which we should consider. We rather incline to the opinion that he ought to be heard in giving the reasons for the appeal, who, as the attorney of the absent party, applied for it.