Quis a quo appelletur
(To Whom and From Whom an Appeal Can be Taken.)
1 Ulpianus libro primo de appellationibus. Quod dicitur eum appellari, qui dedit iudicem, sic accipiendum est, ut et successor eius possit appellari. proinde et si praefectus urbi iudicem dederit vel praetorio, ipse erit provocandus, qui eum dederit iudicem. 1Ab eo, cui quis mandavit iurisdictionem, non ipse provocabitur: nam generaliter is erit provocandus ab eo cui mandata est iurisdictio, qui provocaretur ab eo qui mandavit iurisdictionem.
1 Ulpianus, On Appeals, Book I. When it is said that an appeal is taken from the judge who rendered the decision, this must be understood to mean that one can also be taken from his successor. Hence, where the Prefect of the City, or the Prætorian Prefect, renders a decision, an appeal should be taken from him who rendered it. 1An appeal is not taken to a person who has delegated his authority; for, generally speaking, it ought to be taken from him to whom the authority was delegated to him to whom the appeals would be taken from the official who delegated the authority.
2 Venuleius Saturninus libro secundo de officio proconsulis. Appellari a legatis proconsul potest, et, si multam dixerit, potest de iniquitate eius proconsul cognoscere et quod optimum putaverit statuere.
2 Venuleius Saturninus, On the Duties of Proconsul, Book II. One can appeal from the Governor to the Proconsul, and if he has imposed a fine, the Proconsul can take cognizance of his injustice, and decide whatever he thinks best.
3 Modestinus libro octavo regularum. Dato iudice a magistratibus populi Romani cuiuscumque ordinis, etiamsi ex auctoritate principis licet nominatim iudicem declarantis dederint, ipsi tamen magistratus appellabuntur.
3 Modestinus, Rules, Book VIII. Whenever a judge is appointed by the magistrates of the Roman people, no matter of what rank they may be, even though this was done by order of the Emperor, and he may have designated the judge by name, an appeal can be taken to the magistrates themselves.