Corpus iurisprudentiae Romanae

Repertorium zu den Quellen des römischen Rechts

Digesta Iustiniani Augusti

Recognovit Mommsen (1870) et retractavit Krüger (1928)
Convertit in Anglica lingua Scott (1932)
Dig. XLVIII6,
Ad legem Iuliam de vi publica
Liber quadragesimus octavus
VI.

Ad legem Iuliam de vi publica

(Concerning the Julian Law on Public Violence.)

1Mar­cia­nus li­bro quar­to de­ci­mo in­sti­tu­tio­num. Le­ge Iu­lia de vi pu­bli­ca te­ne­tur, qui ar­ma te­la do­mi suae agro­ve in­ve vil­la prae­ter usum ve­na­tio­nis vel iti­ne­ris vel na­vi­ga­tio­nis co­ege­rit.

1Marcianus, Institutes, Book XIV. He is liable under the Julian Law relating to Public Violence who collects arms or darts in his house, or on his land, or in a farm house, in larger quantities than is customary for the purpose of hunting, or travel by land or water.

2Scae­vo­la li­bro quar­to re­gu­la­rum. Ex­ci­piun­tur au­tem ar­ma, quae quis pro­mer­cii cau­sa ha­bue­rit he­redi­ta­te­ve ei ob­ve­ne­rint.

2Scævola, Rules, Book IV. Arms which anyone has for the purpose of trade, or which have descended to him by inheritance, are excepted.

3Mar­cia­nus li­bro quar­to de­ci­mo in­sti­tu­tio­num. In ea­dem cau­sa sunt, qui tur­bae sed­itio­nis­ve fa­cien­dae con­si­lium in­ie­rint ser­vos­ve aut li­be­ros ho­mi­nes in ar­mis ha­bue­rint. 1Ea­dem le­ge te­ne­tur, qui pu­bes cum te­lo in pu­bli­co fue­rit. 2In ea­dem cau­sa sunt, qui pes­si­mo ex­em­plo con­vo­ca­tu sed­itio­ne vil­las ex­pug­na­ve­rint et cum te­lis et ar­mis bo­na ra­pue­rint. 3Item te­ne­tur, qui ex in­cen­dio ra­pue­rit ali­quid prae­ter ma­te­riam. 4Prae­ter­ea pu­ni­tur hu­ius le­gis poe­na, qui pue­rum vel fe­mi­nam vel quem­quam per vim stu­pra­ve­rit. 5Sed et qui in in­cen­dio cum gla­dio aut te­lo ra­pien­di cau­sa fuit vel pro­hi­ben­di do­mi­num res suas ser­va­re, ea­dem poe­na te­ne­tur. 6Ea­dem le­ge te­ne­tur, qui ho­mi­ni­bus ar­ma­tis pos­ses­so­rem do­mo agro­ve suo aut na­vi sua de­ie­ce­rit ex­pug­na­ve­rit

3Marcianus, Institutes, Book XIV. Those, also, are in the same position who form the design of exciting a tumult, or sedition, and have slaves or freemen under arms. 1He is liable under the same law who, having arrived at puberty, appears armed in public. 2Those are in the same position who, offering an extremely bad example by having assembled in numbers and excited sedition, plunder country-houses, and with darts or arms commit robbery. 3He also is liable who, in case of fire, removes by violence anything except the materials of the building. 4Moreover, he who pollutes by force a boy or a woman, or anyone whomsoever, is also liable to punishment under this law. 5He also who goes to a fire armed with a sword or other weapon for the purpose of robbery, or to prevent the owner from saving his property, is liable to the same penalty. 6He is liable under the same law who, with armed men assembled in a body with a display of force, expels a possessor from his house, his land, or his ship:

4Ul­pia­nus li­bro quin­qua­gen­si­mo no­no ad edic­tum. uti­ve id sta­ret, ho­mi­nes com­mo­da­ve­rit:

4Ulpianus, On the Edict, Book LIX. Or has provided men for this purpose.

5Mar­cia­nus li­bro quar­to de­ci­mo in­sti­tu­tio­num. qui coe­tu con­ver­su tur­ba sed­itio­ne in­cen­dium fe­ce­rit: qui­que ho­mi­nem do­lo ma­lo in­clu­se­rit ob­se­de­rit: qui­ve fe­ce­rit, quo mi­nus se­pe­lia­tur, quo ma­gis fu­nus di­ri­pia­tur dis­tra­ha­tur: qui­ve per vim si­bi ali­quem ob­li­ga­ve­rit, nam eam ob­li­ga­tio­nem lex re­scin­dit. 1Si de vi et pos­ses­sio­ne vel do­mi­nio quae­ra­tur, an­te co­gnos­cen­dum de vi quam de pro­prie­ta­te rei di­vus Pius τῷ κοινῷ τῶν Θεσσαλῶν Grae­ce re­scrip­sit: sed et de­cre­vit, ut prius de vi quae­ra­tur quam de iu­re do­mi­nii si­ve pos­ses­sio­nis. 2Qui va­can­tem mu­lie­rem ra­puit vel nup­tam, ul­ti­mo sup­pli­cio pu­ni­tur et, si pa­ter in­iu­riam suam pre­ci­bus ex­ora­tus re­mi­se­rit, ta­men ex­tra­neus si­ne quin­quen­nii prae­scrip­tio­ne reum pos­tu­la­re pot­erit, cum rap­tus cri­men le­gis Iu­liae de ad­ul­te­ris po­tes­ta­tem ex­ce­dit.

5Marcianus, Institutes, Book XIV. Anyone who, by means of an assembly, a crowd, a tumult, or a sedition, causes a conflagration; or who maltreats a man whom he has wrongfully confined; or who prevents a body from being buried, to better enable him to disperse and plunder a funeral procession; or forcibly compels someone to become obligated to him, for the law rescinds an obligation of this kind, is liable. 1When a question of violence and possession, or ownership is involved, the Divine Pius stated in a Rescript that the violence should be investigated before the right of ownership, which Rescript, written in Greek, was addressed to the community of the Thessalians. He also decreed that the question of violence should be examined before that of ownership or possession was decided. 2Anyone who has ravished a free woman, or one who is married, shall be punished with death. If her father, moved by prayers, pardons his injury, a stranger can prosecute without being barred by the prescription of five years, because the crime of rape exceeds in scope the Julian Law relating to Adultery.

6Ul­pia­nus li­bro sep­ti­mo de of­fi­cio pro­con­su­lis. Et eum, qui pue­rum in­ge­nuum ra­puit, pu­nien­dum di­vus Pius re­scrip­sit in haec ver­ba: ‘Ex­em­plum li­bel­li da­ti mi­hi a Do­mi­tio Sil­va­no no­mi­ne Do­mi­tii Sil­va­ni pa­trui sub­ici ius­si, mo­tus que­rel­la eius, qua sig­ni­fi­ca­vit fi­lium suum in­ge­nuum, iu­ve­nem ad­mo­dum, rap­tum at­que con­clu­sum, mox ver­be­ri­bus ac tor­men­tis us­que ad sum­mum pe­ri­cu­lum ad­flic­tum, ge­mi­ne ca­ris­si­me: ve­lim au­dias eum et, si com­pe­re­ris haec ita ad­mis­sa, rem se­ve­re ex­equa­ris’.

6Ulpianus, On the Duties of Proconsul, Book VII. The Divine Pius stated in a Rescript that whoever ravishes a freeborn boy should be punished, as follows: “I have ordered the submission to me of a petition presented by Domitius Silvanus, in the name of Domitius Silvanus, his paternal uncle, who, having been influenced by his complaint, in which it is stated that his son who was freeborn, and still very young, was carried away by force, shut up, and afterwards subjected to blows and tortures, with great danger to his life. My dear brother, I request you to hear him, and, if you ascertain that these offences have been committed, punish them severely.”

7Idem li­bro oc­ta­vo de of­fi­cio pro­con­su­lis. Le­ge Iu­lia de vi pu­bli­ca te­ne­tur, qui, cum im­pe­rium po­tes­ta­tem­ve ha­be­ret, ci­vem Ro­ma­num ad­ver­sus pro­vo­ca­tio­nem ne­ca­ve­rit ver­be­ra­ve­rit ius­se­rit­ve quid fie­ri aut quid in col­lum in­ie­ce­rit, ut tor­quea­tur. item quod ad le­ga­tos ora­to­res com­ites­ve at­ti­ne­bit, si quis eo­rum pul­sas­se et si­ve in­iu­riam fe­cis­se ar­gue­tur.

7The Same, On the Duties of Proconsul, Book VIII. Anyone who is invested with authority or power, and subjects a Roman citizen to death or scourging, or orders this to be done, or attaches anything to his neck for the purpose of torturing him, without permitting him to appeal, is liable under the Julian Law relating to Public Violence. This also applies to deputies and orators, and their attendants, where anyone is proved to have beaten them, or caused them any injury.

8Mae­cia­nus li­bro quin­to pu­bli­co­rum. Le­ge Iu­lia de vi pu­bli­ca ca­ve­tur, ne quis reum vin­ciat im­pe­diat­ve, quo mi­nus Ro­mae in­tra cer­tum tem­pus ad­sit.

8Marcianus, Public Prosecutions, Book V. By the Julian Law relating to Public Violence, it is provided that no one can bind an accused person, or prevent him from appearing at Rome within a certain time.

9Pau­lus li­bro sep­ti­mo ad edic­tum. Ar­ma­tos non uti­que eos in­tel­le­ge­re de­be­mus, qui te­la ha­bue­runt, sed et­iam quid aliud no­ce­re pot­est.

9Paulus, On the Edict, Book VII. By “armed persons” we should understand not merely those who have darts, but also anything else with which they can cause injury.

10Ul­pia­nus li­bro se­xa­gen­si­mo oc­ta­vo ad edic­tum. Qui do­lo ma­lo fe­ce­rit, quo mi­nus iu­di­cia tu­to ex­er­cean­tur aut iu­di­ces ut opor­tet iu­di­cent vel is, qui po­tes­ta­tem im­pe­rium­ve ha­be­bit, quam ei ius erit, de­cer­nat im­pe­ret fa­ciat: qui lu­dos pe­cu­niam­ve ab ali­quo in­vi­to pol­li­ce­ri pu­bli­ce pri­va­tim­ve per in­iu­riam ex­ege­rit: item qui cum te­lo do­lo ma­lo in con­tio­ne fue­rit aut ubi iu­di­cium pu­bli­ce ex­er­ce­bi­tur. ex­cep­tus est, qui prop­ter ve­na­tio­nem ha­beat ho­mi­nes, qui cum bes­tiis pug­nent, mi­nis­tros­que ad ea ha­be­re con­ce­di­tur. 1Hac le­ge te­ne­tur et qui con­vo­ca­tis ho­mi­ni­bus vim fe­ce­rit, quo quis ver­be­re­tur et pul­se­tur, ne­que ho­mo oc­ci­sus sit. 2Dam­na­to de vi pu­bli­ca aqua et ig­ni in­ter­di­ci­tur.

10Ulpianus, On the Edict, Book LXVIII. He who fraudulently prevents the free administration of justice, or prevents the judges from deciding as they should do; or he who, being invested with power or authority, acts in any other way than the law decrees and requires that he should; and anyone who unjustly compels a person to promise, either publicly or privately, to furnish slaves, or pay money; and also anyone who, with malicious intent, appears armed in an assembly, or in a place where justice is publicly administered, with the exception of him who collects men in order to hunt wild beasts, and who is permitted to keep people for this purpose, will be liable under this law. 1He, also, is liable under this law, who, where men have been assembled, uses force for the purpose of striking or beating someone, even though he may not be killed. 2He who is convicted of having employed public violence is interdicted the use of water and fire.

11Pau­lus li­bro quin­to sen­ten­tia­rum. Hi, qui ae­des alie­nas aut vil­las ex­pi­la­ve­rint ef­fre­ge­rint ex­pug­na­ve­rint, si quid in tur­ba cum te­lis fe­ce­rint, ca­pi­te pu­niun­tur. 1Te­lo­rum au­tem ap­pel­la­tio­ne om­nia, ex qui­bus sin­gu­li ho­mi­nes no­ce­re pos­sunt, ac­ci­piun­tur. 2Qui te­lum tu­tan­dae sa­lu­tis suae cau­sa ge­runt, non vi­den­tur ho­mi­nis oc­ci­den­di cau­sa por­ta­re.

11Paulus, Sentences, Book V. Those who have plundered the houses of others in the city or in the country, or have broken into them, or seized them, and have done so by means of a mob and with a display of armed force, shall be punished capitally. 1By the term “arms,” is understood everything a man can make use of to cause injury. 2Those who carry arms in order to protect themselves are not considered to carry them for the purpose of killing anyone.

12Pau­lus li­bro sin­gu­la­ri ad se­na­tus con­sul­tum Tur­pil­lia­num. Qui no­va vec­ti­ga­lia ex­er­cent, le­ge Iu­lia de vi pu­bli­ca te­nen­tur.

12The Same, On the Turpillian Decree of the Senate. Those who impose new taxes arbitrarily are liable under the Julian Law relating to Public Violence.