Corpus iurisprudentiae Romanae

Repertorium zu den Quellen des römischen Rechts

Digesta Iustiniani Augusti

Recognovit Mommsen (1870) et retractavit Krüger (1928)
Convertit in Anglica lingua Scott (1932)
Dig. XLVIII22,
De interdictis et relegatis et deportatis
Liber quadragesimus octavus
XXII.

De interdictis et relegatis et deportatis

(Concerning Persons Who Are Interdicted, Relegated, and Deported.)

1Pom­po­nius li­bro quar­to ad Sa­binum. Ca­put ex re­scrip­to di­vi Tra­ia­ni ad Di­dium Se­cun­dum: ‘Scio rele­ga­to­rum bo­na ava­ri­tia su­pe­rio­rum tem­po­rum fis­co vin­di­ca­ta. sed aliud cle­men­tiae meae con­ve­nit, qui in­ter ce­te­ra, qui­bus in­no­cen­tiam ra­tio­num mea­rum tem­po­rum, hoc quo­que re­mi­si ex­em­plum’.

1Pomponius, On Sabinus, Book IV. The beginning of the Rescript of the Divine Trajan to Didius Secundus is as follows: “I am aware that the property of persons who have been relegated has been confiscated to the Treasury by the avarice of former ages, but a different course is agreeable to my clemency, as I wish to give this additional example to show that I have favored innocence during my reign.”

2Mar­cia­nus li­bro ter­tio de­ci­mo in­sti­tu­tio­num. Ma­nu­mit­te­re de­por­ta­tum non pos­se di­vus Pius re­scrip­sit.

2Marcianus, Institutes, Book XIII. The Divine Pius stated in a Rescript that anyone who has been deported cannot be manumitted.

3Al­fe­nus li­bro pri­mo epi­to­ma­rum. Eum, qui ci­vi­ta­tem amit­te­ret, ni­hil aliud iu­ris ad­ime­re li­be­ris, ni­si quod ab ip­so per­ven­tu­rum es­set ad eos, si in­tes­ta­tus in ci­vi­ta­te mo­re­re­tur: hoc est he­redi­ta­tem eius et li­ber­tos et si quid aliud in hoc ge­ne­re rep­per­i­ri pot­est. quae ve­ro non a pa­tre, sed a ge­ne­re, a ci­vi­ta­te, a re­rum na­tu­ra tri­bue­ren­tur, ea ma­ne­re eis in­co­lu­mia. ita­que et fra­tres fra­tri­bus fo­re le­gi­ti­mos he­redes et ad­gna­to­rum tu­te­las et he­redi­ta­tes ha­bi­tu­ros: non enim haec pa­trem, sed ma­io­res eius eis de­dis­se.

3Alfenus, Epitomes, Book I. He who has lost his citizenship does not deprive his children of any rights, except those which would pass to them from him if he should die intestate while in the enjoyment of his citizenship; that is to say, his estate, his freedmen, and anything else of this kind that can be found. Whatever, indeed, is not derived from their father but from their family, from their town, and from the nature of things, will remain theirs entirely. Therefore, brothers who are legitimate will become heirs to one another, and will be entitled to the guardianship and estates of agnates, for not their father, but their ancestors, gave them these rights.

4Mar­cia­nus li­bro se­cun­do in­sti­tu­tio­num. Rele­ga­ti in in­su­lam in po­tes­ta­te sua li­be­ros re­ti­nent, quia et alia om­nia iu­ra sua re­ti­nent: tan­tum enim in­su­la eis egre­di non li­cet. et bo­na quo­que sua om­nia re­ti­nent prae­ter ea, si qua eis ad­emp­ta sunt: nam eo­rum, qui in per­pe­tuum ex­ilium da­ti sunt vel rele­ga­ti, pot­est quis sen­ten­tia par­tem bo­no­rum ad­ime­re.

4Marcianus, Institutes, Book II. Persons who have been relegated to an island retain their children under their control, for the reason that they retain all their other rights, as they are only forbidden to leave the island; and they also retain all their property, except that which has already been taken from them, for those who are either sent into perpetual exile or relegated can, by the sentence, be deprived of a portion of their property.

5Idem li­bro pri­mo re­gu­la­rum. Ex­ilium tri­plex est: aut cer­to­rum lo­co­rum in­ter­dic­tio, aut la­ta fu­ga, ut om­nium lo­co­rum in­ter­di­ca­tur prae­ter cer­tum lo­cum, aut in­su­lae vin­cu­lum, id est rele­ga­tio in in­su­lam.

5The Same, Rules, Book I. Exile is of a threefold nature; interdiction of certain places, or of secret flight; or all places are forbidden except one which is designated; or confinement to one island is prescribed, that is to say, relegation to a single island.

6Ul­pia­nus li­bro no­no de of­fi­cio pro­con­su­lis. In­ter poe­nas est et­iam in­su­lae de­por­ta­tio, quae poe­na ad­imit ci­vi­ta­tem Ro­ma­nam. 1De­por­tan­di au­tem in in­su­lam ius prae­si­di­bus pro­vin­ciae non est da­tum, li­cet prae­fec­to ur­bi de­tur: hoc enim epis­tu­la di­vi Se­ve­ri ad Fa­bium Ci­lo­nem prae­fec­tum ur­bi ex­pres­sum est. prae­si­des ita­que pro­vin­ciae quo­tiens ali­quem in in­su­lam de­por­tan­dum pu­tent, hoc ip­sum ad­no­ta­re de­beant, no­men ve­ro eius scri­ben­dum prin­ci­pi, ut in in­su­lam de­por­te­tur: sic de­in­de prin­ci­pi scri­be­re mis­sa ple­na opi­nio­ne, ut prin­ceps aes­ti­met, an se­quen­da sit eius sen­ten­tia de­por­ta­ri­que in in­su­lam de­beat. mo­do11Die Großausgabe liest me­dio statt mo­do. au­tem tem­po­re, dum scri­bi­tur, iu­be­re eum de­bet in car­ce­re es­se. 2De­cu­rio­nes ci­vi­ta­tium prop­ter ca­pi­ta­lia cri­mi­na de­por­tan­dos vel rele­gan­dos di­vi fra­tres re­scrip­se­runt. de­ni­que Pris­cum in ho­mi­ci­dio et in­cen­dio no­mi­na­tim an­te quaes­tio­nem con­fes­sum in in­su­lam de­por­ta­ri ius­se­runt.

6Ulpianus, On the Duties of Proconsul, Book IX. Among the penalties is also included deportation to an island, which deprives the person of Roman citizenship. 1The right of deportation to an island is not granted to the Governors of provinces, although it is granted to the Prefect of the City, for this is stated in an Epistle of the Divine Severus to Fabius Cilo, Urban Prefect. Therefore, whenever the Governor of a province thinks that anyone ought to be deported to an island, he should notify the person himself, and also send his name to the Emperor, in order that he may be deported; and then write to the Emperor stating his opinion fully, so that the latter may determine whether his sentence should be executed, and the culprit be deported to an island; and, in the meantime, until the answer is given, he must order him to remain in prison. 2The decurions of cities (as was stated by the Divine Brothers in a Rescript), should be either deported or relegated on account of capital crimes. And, in fact, they ordered Priscus, who, before being tortured, confessed that he had committed homicide and arson, to be deported to an island.

7Idem li­bro de­ci­mo de of­fi­cio pro­con­su­lis. Rele­ga­to­rum duo ge­ne­ra: sunt qui­dam, qui in in­su­lam rele­gan­tur, sunt, qui sim­pli­ci­ter, ut pro­vin­ciis eis in­ter­di­ca­tur, non et­iam in­su­la ad­sig­ne­tur. 1In in­su­lam rele­ga­re prae­si­des pro­vin­ciae pos­sunt, sic ta­men, ut, si qui­dem in­su­lam sub se ha­beant (id est ad eius pro­vin­ciae for­mam per­ti­nen­tem, quam ad­mi­nis­trant), et eam spe­cia­li­ter in­su­lam ad­sig­na­re pos­sint in­que eam rele­ga­re, sin ve­ro non ha­beant, pro­nun­tient qui­dem in in­su­lam se rele­ga­re, scri­bant au­tem im­pe­ra­to­ri, ut ip­se in­su­lam ad­sig­net. ce­te­rum non pos­sunt dam­na­re in eam in­su­lam, quam in ea pro­vin­cia cui prae­sunt non ha­beant. in­ter­im quo­ad im­pe­ra­tor in­su­lam ad­sig­net, mi­li­ti tra­den­dus est rele­ga­tus. 2Haec est dif­fe­ren­tia in­ter de­por­ta­tos et rele­ga­tos, quod in in­su­lam rele­ga­ri et ad tem­pus et in per­pe­tuum quis pot­est. 3Si­ve ad tem­pus si­ve in per­pe­tuum quis fue­rit rele­ga­tus, et ci­vi­ta­tem Ro­ma­nam re­ti­net et tes­ta­men­ti fac­tio­nem non amit­tit. 4Ad tem­pus rele­ga­tis ne­que to­ta bo­na ne­que par­tem ad­imi de­be­re re­scrip­tis qui­bus­dam ma­ni­fes­ta­tur, re­pre­hen­sae­que sunt sen­ten­tiae eo­rum, qui ad tem­pus rele­ga­tis ad­eme­runt par­tem bo­no­rum vel bo­na, sic ta­men, ut non in­fir­ma­ren­tur sen­ten­tiae quae ita sunt pro­la­tae. 5Est quod­dam ge­nus qua­si in in­su­lam rele­ga­tio­nis in pro­vin­cia Ae­gyp­to in oa­sin rele­ga­re. 6Sic­ut au­tem rele­ga­re in in­su­lam quis­quam, quae non est sub se, non pot­est, ita ne in pro­vin­ciam qui­dem rele­gan­di ius ha­bet, quae non est sub se: for­te prae­ses Sy­riae in Ma­ce­do­niam non rele­ga­bit. 7Sed ex­tra pro­vin­ciam suam pot­est rele­ga­re. 8Item in par­te cer­ta pro­vin­ciae mo­ra­tu­rum rele­ga­re pot­est, ut for­te non ex­ce­dat ci­vi­ta­tem ali­quam vel re­gio­nem ali­quam non egre­dia­tur. 9Sed et in eas par­tes pro­vin­ciae, quae sunt de­ser­tio­res, scio prae­si­des so­li­tos rele­ga­re. 10In­ter­di­ce­re au­tem quis ea pro­vin­cia pot­est quam re­git, alia non pot­est: et ita di­vi fra­tres re­scrip­se­runt. un­de eve­nie­bat, ut, qui rele­ga­tus es­set ab ea pro­vin­cia, in qua do­mi­ci­lium11Die Großausgabe liest do­mi­lium statt do­mi­ci­lium. ha­buit, mo­ra­ri apud ori­gi­nem suam pos­set. sed im­pe­ra­tor nos­ter cum di­vo pa­tre suo huic rei pro­vi­de­runt. Mae­cio enim Pro­bo prae­si­di pro­vin­ciae His­pa­niae re­scrip­se­runt et­iam ea pro­vin­cia in­ter­di­ci, un­de quis ori­un­dus est, ab eo qui re­git eam pro­vin­ciam, ubi quis do­mi­ci­lium ha­bet. sed et eos, qui, cum in­co­lae non es­sent, in ea pro­vin­cia quid ad­mi­se­rint, ae­quum est ad re­scrip­ti auc­to­ri­ta­tem per­ti­ne­re. 11Du­bi­ta­tum est, an in­ter­di­ce­re quis ali­cui pos­sit pro­vin­cia, in qua ori­un­dus est, cum ip­se ei pro­vin­ciae prae­sit, quam in­co­lit, dum sua non in­ter­di­cit, ut so­lent Ita­lia in­ter­di­ce­re, qui pa­tria non in­ter­di­cunt: vel an per con­se­quen­tias vi­dea­tur et­iam pro­vin­ciae in­ter­di­xis­se, cui prae­est. quod ma­gis erit pro­ban­dum. 12Per con­tra­rium au­tem is, qui ori­gi­nis pro­vin­ciae prae­est, non est nanc­tus ius in­ter­di­cen­di ea pro­vin­cia, quam in­co­lit is qui rele­ga­tur. 13Si quis eam sen­ten­tiam ad­mi­se­rit, ut is, qui in alia pro­vin­cia com­mi­sit, pos­sit rele­ga­ri ab eo qui ei pro­vin­ciae prae­est: eve­niet, ut rele­ga­tus is­te tri­bus pro­vin­ciis prae­ter Ita­liam de­beat abs­ti­ne­re, et in qua de­li­quit et quam in­co­lit et ori­gi­nis. et si ex di­ver­sis pro­vin­ciis ori­ri vi­dea­tur prop­ter con­di­cio­nem vel suam vel pa­ren­tis pa­tro­no­rum: vel plu­ri­bus pro­vin­ciis con­se­quen­ter in­ter­dic­tum ei di­ce­mus. 14Qui­bus­dam ta­men prae­si­di­bus, ut mul­tis pro­vin­ciis in­ter­di­ce­re pos­sint, in­dul­tum est: ut prae­si­di­bus Sy­ria­rum, sed et Da­cia­rum. 15Con­sti­tu­tum eum, cui pa­tria in­ter­dic­tum est, et­iam ur­be abs­ti­ne­re de­be­re: con­tra au­tem si cui ur­be fue­rit in­ter­dic­tum, pa­tria sua in­ter­dic­tum non vi­de­tur. et ita mul­tis con­sti­tu­tio­ni­bus ca­ve­tur. 16Si cui pla­ne non pa­tria sua, sed ali­qua ci­vi­ta­te in­ter­dic­tum sit, vi­den­dum est, an et­iam pa­tria sua item­que ur­be in­ter­dic­tum di­ca­mus: quod ma­gis est. 17His, qui rele­gan­tur, dies ex­ce­den­di a prae­si­di­bus da­ri et pot­est et so­let: et­enim mo­ris est ita pro­nun­tia­ri ‘il­lum pro­vin­cia il­la in­su­lis­que eis rele­go ex­ce­de­re­que de­be­bit in­tra il­lum diem’. 18Rele­ga­tum pla­ne li­bel­lum da­re prin­ci­pi pos­se di­vi fra­tres re­scrip­se­runt. 19So­let prae­ter­ea in­ter­di­ci sen­ten­tia qui­bus­dam, ne in­tra pa­triae ter­ri­to­rium vel mu­ros mo­ren­tur: ne ex­ce­dant pa­triam vel in vi­cis qui­bus­dam mo­ren­tur. 20So­let de­cu­rio­ni­bus or­di­ne in­ter­di­ci vel ad tem­pus vel in per­pe­tuum. 21Item pot­est ali­cui poe­na in­iun­gi, ne ho­no­res ad­ipis­ca­tur: nec ea res fa­cit, ut de­cu­rio es­se de­si­nat, cum fie­ri pos­sit, ut quis de­cu­rio qui­dem sit, ad ho­no­res au­tem non ad­mit­ta­tur. nam et se­na­tor quis es­se pot­est et ta­men ho­no­res non re­pe­te­re. 22Pot­est ali­cui et unus ho­nor in­ter­di­ci, sic ta­men, ut, si cui ho­no­re uno in­ter­dic­tum sit, non tan­tum eum ho­no­rem pe­te­re non pos­sit, ve­rum ne eos quo­que, qui eo ho­no­re ma­io­res sunt: est enim per­quam rid­icu­lum eum, qui mi­no­ri­bus poe­nae cau­sa pro­hi­bi­tus sit, ad ma­io­res ad­spi­ra­re. ma­io­ri­bus ta­men pro­hi­bi­tus mi­no­res pe­te­re non pro­hi­be­tur. sed mu­ne­ri­bus si quis poe­nae cau­sa fue­rit pro­hi­bi­tus, ni­hil va­le­bit sen­ten­tia: ne­que enim im­mu­ni­ta­tem poe­na tri­bue­re de­bet. er­go et si ho­no­ri­bus quis in poe­nam fue­rit pro­hi­bi­tus, pot­erit di­ci, si ho­no­res is­ti ha­bue­runt mix­tam mu­ne­ris gra­vem im­pen­sam, in­fa­miam il­li ad hoc non pro­fu­tu­ram:

7The Same, On the Duties of Proconsul, Book II. There are two kinds of relegated persons; first, those who are merely relegated to an island; and second, others who are forbidden to enter the provinces, but to whom no island is assigned. 1The Governors of provinces can relegate persons to an island, iprovided they have under their control one that belongs to the province over which they have jurisdfction; and they can specifically designate this island, and relegate the culprit to it. But if they have not such an island under their control, they can sentence the guilty party to be relegated to an island, and then write to the Emperor in order that he can assign one to them. They cannot, however, sentence anyone to an island which does not form part of the province over which they have jurisdiction. In the meantime, until the Emperor assigns an island, the person who is relegated is placed in charge of the military. 2The following difference exists between persons who are deported, and those who are relegated, that is to say, anyone can be relegated to an island for a certain term, or for life. 3When anyone is relegated for a certain term or for life, he retains the right of Roman citizenship, and does not lose the power to make a will. 4It is established by certain rescripts, that neither all, nor even a portion of their property, can be taken from persons who have been relegated for a certain term; and judgment depriving persons relegated of a part or of all of their property have been censured, but not to the extent of invalidating such judgments. 5A certain kind of relegation, like that to an island, exists in the Province of Egypt, that is to say, relegation to an oasis. 6However, as no one can relegate a person to an island not under his control, so, he has no right to relegate him to a province which is not in his jurisdiction; as, for example, the Governor of Syria cannot relegate anyone to Macedonia. 7He can, however, relegate him outside of his province. 8Likewise, he can relegate anyone to remain in a certain specified part of his province; for instance, he may forbid him to leave a certain city, or a certain district. 9I am aware that Governors are accustomed to relegate persons to the most desert parts of their provinces. 10Anyone can forbid a person to live in the province which he governs, but he cannot do so in another. This was stated by the Divine Brothers in a Rescript. The result of this was, that anyone who was relegated from the province in which he had his domicile could go and live in that in which he was born. Our Emperor and his Divine Brothers, however, provided for this contingency; for they stated in a Rescript addressed to Probus, the Governor of the Province of Spain, that: “Anyone can be forbidden to remain in the province in which he had been born by the official who governs the province where the person had his domicile.” Still, it is just that those who are not residents of the province in which they committed the offence should be judged in accordance with the terms of this Rescript. 11It has been doubted whether anyone can prohibit another from remaining in the province in which he was born, when he himself governs the province in which the person lives, and he does not forbid him to remain in his own province; as Governors are accustomed to make Italy the object of the interdiction, and do not forbid the culprits to enter their own country; or whether it consequently appears that even the province in which they govern has been interdicted. This latter opinion should be adopted. 12On the other hand, he who governs the province where the party in question was born has no right to forbid him to dwell in the province which he now inhabits. 13Where anyone confesses a judgment, so that he who has committed an offence in one province can be relegated by the Governor of that province, the result will be that the person relegated must avoid the three provinces, except Italy; that is, the one in which he committed the offence; the one in which he lives; and the one in which he was born. If, either on account of his condition or that of his parents or patrons, he is considered to have had his origin in different provinces, we should say that he has, in consequence, been forbidden several provinces. 14Nevertheless, certain Governors have been permitted to interdict several provinces, as for instance, the Governors of Syria and of Dacia. 15It has been decided that anyone who has been forbidden to reside in his native province should also remain away from Rome; and, on the other hand, if anyone has been forbidden to reside at Rome he will not be considered to have been forbidden to live in his own country. This has been provided by several constitutions. 16If it is clear that not one’s native country, but some particular city has been forbidden him, let us see if we cannot say that his native province, as well as the City of Rome, have also been forbidden him, which is the better opinion. 17A day should be fixed by the Governor for the departure of persons who have been relegated, and this is usually done; for it is customary to render the decision as follows: “I relegate So-and-So from this province, and from these islands, and he must depart before such-and-such a day.” 18The Divine Brothers stated in a Rescript that a person who had been relegated is certainly entitled to present a petition to the Emperor. 19Moreover, the sentence usually prohibits persons from residing in the territory of their native province or city, or within the walls of the latter, or from leaving it, or from stopping in certain suburbs of the same. 20It is customary to forbid decurions to enjoy the privileges of their order, either temporarily or permanently. 21Likewise, the penalty can be imposed upon anyone not to accept any honor, and this does not have the effect of causing him to cease to act as decurion; as, indeed, anyone may be a decurion, and still not be permitted to accept any honors, for anyone can be a Senator, and still not be able to demand any. 22Anyone can also be forbidden to receive a single honor, in such a way, however, that he who is forbidden to do so can not only obtain this particular honor, but also those which are greater; for it would be extremely ridiculous for a person who was prohibited by way of penalty from receiving inferior honors to be able to aspire to greater ones. Nevertheless, one who has been prohibited from receiving certain honors is not prevented from seeking those which are inferior; but if anyone is forbidden to accept an office by way of penalty, the sentence will be void, for a penalty cannot bestow immunity. Therefore, if someone is deprived of honors, by way of penalty, it can be said that where the said honors include an office involving great expense, the infamy of the convicted person will not benefit him on this account.

8Mar­cia­nus li­bro se­cun­do pu­bli­co­rum. sed ho­no­re qui­dem il­lum ar­ce­ri pu­to, ce­te­rum im­pen­dia de­be­re prae­sta­re.

8Marcianus, Public Prosecutions, Book II. But I think that when he is deprived of the honor, he should be compelled to pay the expenses.

9Ul­pia­nus li­bro de­ci­mo de of­fi­cio pro­con­su­lis. Pot­est prae­ses quen­dam dam­na­re, ne do­mo sua pro­ce­dat:

9Ulpianus, On the Duties of Proconsul, Book X. A Governor can sentence anyone not to leave his own house.

10Mar­cia­nus li­bro se­cun­do pu­bli­co­rum iu­di­cio­rum. nec ta­men, ne ne­ces­sa­rias im­pen­sas fa­ciat.

10Marcianus, Book. But not avoid incurring necessary expenses.

11Ul­pia­nus li­bro de­ci­mo de of­fi­cio pro­con­su­lis. In­ter­dum pe­cu­nia­ria poe­na ir­ro­ga­tur iis qui rele­ga­tos sus­ci­piunt: in­ter­dum et­iam ip­si rele­gan­tur, si qui­dem il­li ob mag­num cri­men rele­ga­ti sunt.

11Ulpianus, Book. Sometimes persons who have been relegated are sentenced to pay a fine.

12Mar­cia­nus li­bro ...... Qui pa­tria rele­ga­tus non ex­ce­dit, ad tem­pus pro­vin­cia rele­ga­tur.

12Marcianus, Book. A man who has been relegated from his town, and does not depart, shall be relegated from his province for a certain time.

13Pau­lus li­bro ...... Ei qui a rele­ga­to ma­nu­mis­sus est Ro­mae mo­ra­ri non li­cet, cum ne pa­tro­no qui­dem eius li­ceat.

13Paulus, Book. Anyone who has been manumitted by a person who has been relegated cannot go to Rome, because his patron is not permitted to do so.

14Ul­pia­nus li­bro ...... Rele­ga­tus est is cui in­ter­di­ci­tur pro­vin­cia aut ur­be con­ti­nen­ti­bus­ve in per­pe­tuum vel ad tem­pus. 1Et mul­tum in­ter­est in­ter rele­ga­tio­nem et de­por­ta­tio­nem: nam de­por­ta­tio et ci­vi­ta­tem et bo­na ad­imit, rele­ga­tio utrum­que con­ser­vat, ni­si bo­na pu­bli­cen­tur. 2Rele­ga­re pos­sunt prin­ceps et se­na­tus et prae­fec­ti et prae­si­des pro­vin­cia­rum, nec ta­men con­su­les. 3Qui amis­sa ci­vi­ta­te bo­na ha­bet, a cre­di­to­re uti­li­bus ac­tio­ni­bus con­ve­ni­tur.

14Ulpianus, Book. A person who is relegated is one who is forbidden temporarily or perpetually to remain in a province, or at Rome, or in the region surrounding it. 1A great difference exists between deportation and relegation, for deportation deprives a person of his rights as a citizen, as well as of his property. Relegation does not deprive him of either, unless his property is, for some special reason, confiscated. 2Anyone can be relegated by the Emperor, the Senate, the prefects, and the Governors of provinces, but not by the Consul. 3Anyone who has lost his rights of citizenship, but retains his property, is liable to prætorian actions.

15Mar­cia­nus li­bro ...... De­por­ta­tus ci­vi­ta­tem amit­tit, li­ber­ta­tem re­ti­net et iu­re ci­vi­li ca­ret, gen­tium ve­ro uti­tur. ita­que emit ven­dit, lo­cat con­du­cit, per­mu­tat, fe­nus ex­er­cet alia­que si­mi­lia. un­de et­iam rec­te ob­li­gat, quae post con­dem­na­tio­nem quae­si­vit: qui­bus in re­bus cre­di­to­res quo­que, qui bo­na fi­de con­tra­xe­runt cum eo, prae­fe­run­tur fis­co de­por­ta­tis de­func­tis suc­ce­den­ti. nam bo­na, quae con­dem­na­tio­nis tem­po­re in­ve­niun­tur, de­por­ta­tus alie­na­re non pot­est. 1Qui in­con­sul­to prin­ci­pe a prae­si­de de­por­ta­tur, et he­res in­sti­tui et le­ga­ta ca­pe­re pot­est.

15Marcianus, Book. A person who is deported loses his rights as a citizen, but not his freedom; and, indeed, he cannot enjoy any special right derived from citizenship, but he can enjoy a right of nations; for he can purchase and sell, hire and lease, exchange property, lend money at interest, and do everything of this kind; and he can also give and pledge any property which he may subsequently acquire, unless he encumbers it in order to defraud the Treasury, which will succeed to him after his death; for he cannot alienate any property which has been confiscated. 1Anyone who has been deported by a Governor, without the sanction of the Emperor, can become an heir and receive legacies left to him by will.

16Idem li­bro ...... Cum Ul­pia­nus Damas­ce­nus ab im­pe­ra­to­re pe­tis­set, ut ma­tri de­por­ta­tae ad vic­tum ne­ces­sa­ria re­lin­que­re si­bi per­mit­te­re­tur, item ma­ter per li­ber­tum suum pe­tis­set, ut quae­dam fi­lio de­por­ta­to re­lin­que­re li­ce­ret, im­pe­ra­tor An­to­ni­nus ita iis re­scrip­sit. ‘Ne­que he­redi­tas nec le­ga­tum nec fi­dei­com­mis­sum con­tra con­sue­tu­di­nem le­gem­que pu­bli­cam hu­ius­mo­di per­so­nis re­lin­qui pot­est ne­que ea­rum con­di­cio­nem mu­ta­ri con­ve­nit: quon­iam au­tem pie ro­gas­tis, per­mit­to vo­bis ul­ti­ma vo­lun­ta­te re­lin­que­re iis, quae ad vic­tum alios­que usus ne­ces­sa­rios suf­fi­ciant, ut si quid ad eos ex his cau­sis per­ti­ne­bit, ca­pe­re iis li­ceat’.

16The Same, Book. Ulpianus Damascenus petitioned the Emperor to allow him to leave to his mother what was necessary for her support, and his mother, through her freedman, to permit him to leave something to her deported son; whereupon the Emperor Antoninus addressed to them a Rescript as follows: “Neither an estate, nor a legacy, nor a trust can be left to persons of this kind, in violation of custom and public law, nor should the condition of such persons be changed. But as you have made the request on account of affection, I will permit you to leave by your last will sufficient for their support and their other necessities, and they can take whatever is bequeathed to them on this account.”

17Pom­po­nius li­bro ...... Rele­ga­tus sta­tuis et ima­gi­ni­bus ho­no­ra­ri non pro­hi­be­tur. 1Rele­ga­tus sta­tum suum in­te­grum re­ti­net et bo­na quae ha­bet et po­tes­ta­tem in li­be­ros, si­ve ad tem­pus si­ve in per­pe­tuum rele­ga­tus est. 2De­por­ta­tio au­tem non fit ad tem­pus.

17Pomponius, Book. Anyone who has been relegated is not excluded from being honored by means of statues and paintings. 1A person who has been relegated retains his condition, as well as the ownership of his own property, and his paternal authority, unimpaired; whether he has been relegated for a specified time, or for life. 2Deportation, however, is not for time.

18Cal­lis­tra­tus li­bro ...... Rele­ga­tus mo­ra­ri non pot­est Ro­mae, et­si id sen­ten­tia com­pre­hen­sum non est, quia com­mu­nis pa­tria est: ne­que in ea ci­vi­ta­te, in qua mo­ra­tur prin­ceps vel per quam trans­it, iis enim so­lis per­mis­sum est prin­ci­pem in­tue­ri, qui Ro­mam in­gre­di pos­sunt, quia prin­ceps pa­ter pa­triae est. 1Cum ad­ver­sus ho­mi­nes li­be­ros eius­mo­di sen­ten­tia fer­tur, per quam bo­na eo­rum pu­bli­can­tur, qua­lis est de­por­ta­tio­nis in in­su­lam, ea ip­sa sen­ten­tia prio­rem con­di­cio­nem amit­tunt et sta­tim poe­nis si­bi ir­ro­ga­tis per eam tra­dun­tur, ni­si quid cum ma­ies­ta­te con­iunc­tum re­qui­rit, ut poe­na ex­acer­be­tur.

18Callistratus. Anyone who has been relegated cannot remain at Rome, although this may not have been included in the sentence, because it is the country of all persons. Nor can he remain in the city in which the Emperor lives, nor in one through which he passes, because those only are permitted to look upon the Emperor who can enter Rome, as the Emperor is the father of his country. 1When sentence is passed upon men who are free, by which their property is confiscated, such, for instance, as deportation to an island, as soon as it has been imposed, they change their former condition, and are delivered up to their punishment; unless something of the nature of high treason is involved, which requires the penalty to be increased.