Corpus iurisprudentiae Romanae

Repertorium zu den Quellen des römischen Rechts

Digesta Iustiniani Augusti

Recognovit Mommsen (1870) et retractavit Krüger (1928)
Convertit in Anglica lingua Scott (1932)
Dig. XLVII19,
Expilatae hereditatis
Liber quadragesimus septimus
XIX.

Expilatae hereditatis

(Concerning the Spoliation of Estates.)

1Mar­cia­nus li­bro ter­tio in­sti­tu­tio­num. Si quis alie­nam he­redi­ta­tem ex­pi­la­ve­rit, ex­tra or­di­nem so­let co­er­ce­ri per ac­cu­sa­tio­nem ex­pi­la­tae he­redi­ta­tis, sic­ut et ora­tio­ne di­vi Mar­ci ca­ve­tur.

1Marcianus, Institutes, Book III. When anyone plunders the estate of another, it is customary for him to be punished arbitrarily, by means of the accusation of despoiling an estate, as is provided by a Rescript of the Divine Marcus.

2Ul­pia­nus li­bro no­no de of­fi­cio pro­con­su­lis. Si ex­pi­la­tae he­redi­ta­tis cri­men in­ten­da­tur, prae­ses pro­vin­ciae co­gni­tio­nem suam ac­com­mo­da­re de­bet: cum enim fur­ti agi non pot­est, so­lum su­per­est au­xi­lium prae­si­dis. 1Ap­pa­ret au­tem ex­pi­la­tae he­redi­ta­tis cri­men eo ca­su in­ten­di pos­se, quo ca­su fur­ti agi non pot­est, sci­li­cet an­te ad­itam he­redi­ta­tem, vel post ad­itam an­te­quam res ab he­rede pos­ses­sae sunt. nam in hunc ca­sum fur­ti ac­tio­nem non com­pe­te­re pa­lam est: quam­vis ad ex­hi­ben­dum agi pos­se, si qui vin­di­ca­tu­rus ex­hi­be­ri de­si­de­ret, pa­lam sit.

2Ulpianus, On the Duties of Proconsul, Book IX. In prosecuting the crime of plundering an estate, the Governor of the province should take judicial cognizance of the same; for when the action for theft cannot be brought, recourse to the Governor alone remains. 1It is evident that the offence of plundering an estate can only be prosecuted under circumstances where the action for theft is not available, that is to say, before the estate has been entered upon, or after it has been entered upon, but before the property has been taken possession of by the heir; for it is clear that, in this instance, the action of theft will not lie, although there is no doubt that one for the production of property can be brought, if anyone desires this to be done in order to enable him to claim it.

3Mar­cia­nus li­bro se­cun­do pu­bli­co­rum iu­di­cio­rum. Di­vus Se­ve­rus et An­to­ni­nus re­scrip­se­runt elec­tio­nem es­se, utrum quis ve­lit cri­men ex­pi­la­tae he­redi­ta­tis ex­tra or­di­nem apud prae­fec­tum ur­bi vel apud prae­si­des age­re an he­redi­ta­tem a pos­ses­so­ri­bus iu­re or­di­na­rio vin­di­ca­re.

3Marcianus, Public Prosecutions, Book II. The Divine Severus and Antoninus stated in a Rescript that anyone who desired to prosecute extraordinarily the crime of plundering an estate could do so either before the Prefect of the City or the Governor; or he could demand the estate from the possessors by the ordinary course of procedure.

4Pau­lus li­bro ter­tio re­spon­so­rum. Res he­redi­ta­rias om­nium he­redum fuis­se com­mu­nes, et id­eo eum, qui ex­pi­la­tae he­redi­ta­tis cri­men ob­icit et op­ti­nuit, et­iam co­he­redi pro­fuis­se vi­de­ri.

4Paulus, Opinions, Book III. The property of an estate belongs in common to all the heirs, and therefore he who brings an accusation for the crime of plundering it, and gains his case, is also considered to have benefited his co-heir.

5Her­mo­ge­nia­nus li­bro se­cun­do iu­ris epi­to­ma­rum. Uxor ex­pi­la­tae he­redi­ta­tis cri­mi­ne id­cir­co non ac­cu­sa­tur, quia nec fur­ti cum ea agi­tur.

5Hermogenianus, Epitomes of Law, Book II. A wife cannot be accused of the crime of plundering an estate, because the action of theft cannot be brought against her.

6Pau­lus li­bro pri­mo ad Ne­ra­tium. Si rem he­redi­ta­riam, igno­rans in ea cau­sa es­se, sub­ri­puis­ti, fur­tum te fa­ce­re re­spon­dit. Pau­lus: rei he­redi­ta­riae fur­tum non fit sic­ut nec eius, quae si­ne do­mi­no est, et ni­hil mu­tat ex­is­ti­ma­tio sub­ri­pien­tis.

6Paulus, On Neratius, Book I. If, not knowing that certain property belongs to an estate, you take it, Paulus says that you commit a theft. Theft of property belonging to an estate is not committed any more than that of property which has no owner, and the opinion of the person who steals it does not change the character of the action in any respect.