Corpus iurisprudentiae Romanae

Repertorium zu den Quellen des römischen Rechts

Digesta Iustiniani Augusti

Recognovit Mommsen (1870) et retractavit Krüger (1928)
Convertit in Anglica lingua Scott (1932)
Dig. XL14,
Si ingenuus esse dicetur
Liber quadragesimus
XIV.

Si ingenuus esse dicetur

(Where Anyone is Decided to be Freeborn.)

1Mar­cel­lus li­bro sep­ti­mo di­ges­to­rum. Si li­ber­tus al­te­rius alio agen­te in­ge­nuus pro­nun­tia­tus es­se di­ce­tur, si­ne ul­la ex­cep­tio­ne tem­po­ris pa­tro­nus eius co­gni­tio­nem so­let ex­er­ce­re.

1Marcellus, Digest, Book VII. If the freedman of one person is declared to be freeborn as the result of an action brought by another, his patron can prosecute the same claim against him without being barred by an exception based on prescription.

2Sa­tur­ni­nus li­bro pri­mo de of­fi­cio pro­con­su­lis. Qui se venire pas­sus es­set ma­io­rem, sci­li­cet ut pre­tium ad ip­sum per­ve­ni­ret, pro­hi­ben­dum de li­ber­ta­te con­ten­de­re di­vus Ha­d­ria­nus con­sti­tuit: sed in­ter­dum ita con­ten­den­dum per­mi­sit, si pre­tium suum red­di­dis­set. 1Qui se ex li­ber­ti­ni­ta­te in­ge­nui­ta­ti ad­se­rant, non ul­tra quin­quen­nium, quam ma­nu­mis­si fuis­sent, au­dien­tur. 2Qui post quin­quen­nium rep­pe­ris­se in­stru­men­ta in­ge­nui­ta­tis suae ad­se­ve­rant, de ea re ip­sos prin­ci­pes ad­ire opor­te­re co­gni­tu­ros.

2Saturninus, On the Duties of Proconsul, Book I. The Divine Hadrian decided that anyone who was of age, and permitted himself to be sold in order that he might receive a portion of the price, should be forbidden to bring an action to obtain his freedom; but that he could do so under certain circumstances, if he returned his share of the price which had been paid. 1Those who are freedmen, and assert their claim to freedom by birth, shall not be heard after the lapse of five years from the date of their manumission. 2Those who, after the lapse of five years, allege that they have discovered documents establishing their rights to be considered freeborn, must have recourse to the Emperor, who will examine their claims.

3Pom­po­nius li­bro quin­to se­na­tus con­sul­to­rum. Hoc ser­mo­ne ‘ad­gni­tis na­ta­li­bus’ de nul­lis aliis in­tel­le­gen­dum est se­na­tum sen­sis­se quam in­ge­nuis. 1Ver­bo au­tem ‘re­lin­que­rent’ et­iam hoc in­tel­le­gen­dum est, ut quae­cum­que ex re eius, a quo ma­nu­mis­si erant, ad­quisi­ta ha­beant, re­sti­tuant. sed id quem­ad­mo­dum ac­ci­pien­dum sit, vi­den­dum est, utrum­ne quae igno­ran­ti­bus do­mi­nis abs­tu­lis­sent, item quod ex his ad­quisi­tum, red­de­re de­beant, an ve­ro et­iam con­ces­sa et do­na­ta a ma­nu­mis­so­ri­bus am­ple­xi sint: quod ma­gis est.

3Pomponius, Decrees of the Senate, Book V. By the following words: “Their birth having been acknowledged,” the Decree of the Senate must be understood only to refer to those who would have been considered freeborn. 1By the clause, “Would have left,” it must be understood that whatever such persons have obtained from the property of him by whom they were manumitted must be restored. Let us see in what manner this must be interpreted, whether they must return whatever has been acquired by them by means of the property of their masters, or what they have abstracted from them without their knowledge, or whether this includes the property which has been granted and donated by the persons who manumitted them. The latter is the better opinion.

4Pa­pi­nia­nus li­bro vi­cen­si­mo se­cun­do quaes­tio­num. Ora­tio, quae pro­hi­bet apud con­su­les aut prae­si­des pro­vin­cia­rum post quin­quen­nium a die ma­nu­mis­sio­nis in in­ge­nui­ta­tem pro­clama­re, nul­lam cau­sam aut per­so­nam ex­ci­pit.

4Papinianus, Questions, Book XXII. The Rescript which forbids freedom of birth to be demanded before the Consuls or Governors of provinces, after the lapse of five years from the date of manumission, excepts no cases or persons.

5Idem li­bro de­ci­mo re­spon­so­rum. Pa­tro­num post quin­quen­nium sen­ten­tiae pro in­ge­nui­ta­te dic­tae, quo igno­ran­te res iu­di­ca­ta est, non es­se prae­scrip­tio­ne tem­po­ris sum­mo­ven­dum re­spon­di.

5The Same, Opinions, Book X. I gave it as my opinion, that a patron should not be barred by prescription after the lapse of five years from the date of the judgment entered in favor of freedom, when he is ignorant that such a judgment has been rendered.

6Ul­pia­nus li­bro tri­gen­si­mo oc­ta­vo ad edic­tum. Quo­tiens de hoc con­ten­di­tur, an quis li­ber­tus sit, si­ve ope­rae pe­tan­tur si­ve ob­se­quium de­si­de­re­tur si­ve et­iam fa­mo­sa ac­tio in­ten­da­tur si­ve in ius vo­ce­tur qui se pa­tro­num di­cit si­ve nul­la cau­sa in­ter­ve­niat, red­di­tur prae­iu­di­cium. sed et quo­tiens quis li­ber­ti­num qui­dem se con­fi­te­tur, li­ber­tum au­tem Gaii Se­ii se ne­gat, idem prae­iu­di­cium da­tur. red­di­tur au­tem al­ter­utro de­si­de­ran­te: sed ac­to­ris par­ti­bus sem­per qui se pa­tro­num di­cit fun­gi­tur pro­ba­re­que li­ber­tum suum ne­ces­se ha­bet aut, si non pro­bet, vin­ci­tur.

6Ulpianus, On the Edict, Book XXXVIII. Whenever a dispute arises as to whether anyone is a freedman or services are demanded of him, or obedience from him is required, or where an action implying infamy is to be brought, or he who alleges that he is the patron is summoned to court, or proceedings are instituted without good cause, a prejudicial action will lie. The same prejudicial action will also be granted where a person confesses that he is a freedman, but denies that he has been liberated by Gaius Seius. It will also be granted where one or the other party requests it, but he who represents himself to be the patron shall always take the part of the plaintiff, for he must prove that the person in question is his freedman, and if he does not do so he will lose his case.