Corpus iurisprudentiae Romanae

Repertorium zu den Quellen des römischen Rechts

Digesta Iustiniani Augusti

Recognovit Mommsen (1870) et retractavit Krüger (1928)
Convertit in Anglica lingua Scott (1932)
Dig. XXXIV8,
De his quae pro non scriptis habentur
Liber trigesimus quartus
VIII.

De his quae pro non scriptis habentur

(Considering Testamentary Provisions Which Are Considered as Not Having Been Written.)

1Iu­lia­nus li­bro sep­tua­ge­si­mo oc­ta­vo di­ges­to­rum. Si quis he­redi­ta­tem vel le­ga­tum si­bi ad­scrip­se­rit, quae­ri­tur, an he­redi­tas vel le­ga­tum pro non scrip­to ha­bea­tur. et quid, si sub­sti­tu­tum ha­beat hu­ius­mo­di in­sti­tu­tio? re­spon­dit: pars he­redi­ta­tis, de qua me con­su­luis­ti, ad sub­sti­tu­tum per­ti­net: nam se­na­tus cum poe­nas le­gis Cor­ne­liae con­sti­tue­ret ad­ver­sus eum, qui si­bi he­redi­ta­tem vel le­ga­tum scrip­sis­set, eo­dem mo­do im­pro­bas­se vi­de­tur, quo im­pro­ba­tae sunt il­lae: ‘qua ex par­te me Ti­tius he­redem scrip­tum in ta­bu­lis suis re­ci­ta­ve­rit, ex ea par­te he­res es­to’, ut per­in­de ha­be­ren­tur, ac si in­ser­tae tes­ta­men­to non fuis­sent.

1Julianus, Digest, Book LXXVIII. Where anyone has been asked to write the bequest of an estate or a legacy in a will to himself, the question arises whether the said bequest of the estate or the legacy shall be considered as not having been written; and also whether under an appointment made in this way, an heir can have a substitute. The answer was that the portion of the estate concerning which you have asked advice belongs to the substitute, for when the Senate fixed the penalties of the Cornelian Law against a person who, in a will, appointed himself heir or legatee of an estate, he is also held to have, in the same way, rendered appointments of an inveigling character void, as for instance, the following, “Let Titius be my heir to the same portion of the estate for which he himself has appointed me by his will,” as provisions of this kind are considered just as if they had not been inserted in the will.

2Al­fe­nus Va­rus li­bro quin­to di­ges­to­rum. Quae in tes­ta­men­to scrip­ta es­sent ne­que in­tel­le­ge­ren­tur quid sig­ni­fi­ca­rent, ea per­in­de sunt ac si scrip­ta non es­sent: re­li­qua au­tem per se ip­sa va­lent.

2Alfenus Varus, Digest, Book V. Where the meaning of any testamentary provision cannot be ascertained, it is just as if it had not been written, but the other provisions will still be valid.

3Mar­cia­nus li­bro un­de­ci­mo in­sti­tu­tio­num. Si in me­tal­lum dam­na­to quid ex­tra cau­sam ali­men­to­rum re­lic­tum fue­rit, pro non scrip­to est nec ad fis­cum per­ti­net: nam poe­nae ser­vus est, non Cae­sa­ris: et ita di­vus Pius re­scrip­sit. 1Sed et si post tes­ta­men­tum fac­tum he­res in­sti­tu­tus vel le­ga­ta­rius in me­tal­lum da­tus sit, ad fis­cum non per­ti­net. 2Item si ser­vo alie­no quid le­ga­tum fue­rit et post­ea a tes­ta­to­re red­emp­tus sit, le­ga­tum ex­stin­gui­tur: nam quae in eam cau­sam per­ve­ne­runt, a qua in­ci­pe­re non pot­erant, pro non scrip­tis ha­ben­tur.

3Marcianus, Institutes, Book XI. Anything over and above a bequest for maintenance which is left to a criminal sentenced to the mines is considered as not having been written, but it is not forfeited to the Treasury, because the legatee is the slave of a penalty, and not the slave of the Emperor. The Divine Pius stated this in a Rescript. 1If an heir or legatee, who was appointed, should be condemned to the mines after the will has been executed, the estate or the legacy will not be forfeited to the Treasury. 2Likewise, if anything is left to the slave of another, and he is afterwards purchased by the testator, the legacy will be extinguished; for any bequests which are transferred to a place from which they cannot originate are considered as not having been written.

4Ul­pia­nus li­bro ter­tio de­ci­mo ad le­gem Iu­liam et Pa­piam. Si eo tem­po­re, quo ali­cui le­ga­tum ad­scri­be­ba­tur, in re­bus hu­ma­nis non erat, pro non scrip­to hoc ha­be­bi­tur. 1Sed et si in hos­tium po­tes­ta­te erat, quo tes­ta­men­tum fie­bat, ne­que ab hos­ti­bus red­iit, pro non scrip­to erit: et ita Iu­lia­nus scri­bit.

4Ulpianus, On the Lex Julia et Papia, Book XIII. Where a bequest is made to anyone at a time when he is already dead, it is considered as not having been written. 1Moreover, where a legatee is in the power of the enemy at the time that the will is made, and does not return from captivity, the legacy is held not to have been written. This was also stated by Julianus.

5Pau­lus li­bro duo­de­ci­mo quaes­tio­num. Quod quis si­bi ad­scrip­se­rit, si alii re­sti­tue­re a tes­ta­to­re ius­sus est, cum one­re fi­dei­com­mis­sum id apud he­redem re­ma­net, quam­vis pro non scrip­to es­set. idem est et in tes­ta­men­to mi­li­tis.

5Paulus, Questions, Book XII. When anyone appoints himself the heir in a will by which he is directed to deliver the estate to someone else, the trust with its burden will still remain imposed upon him, even though what he has done will be considered as not having been written. The same rule also applies to the will of a soldier.