De his quae poenae causa relinquuntur
(Concerning bequests made by way of penalty.)
1 Africanus libro ... quaestionum. Filio familias vel servo herede instituto etiam si in patris dominive poenam illicite vel probrose datum est, nullius momenti legatum esse respondit: non enim id solum, quod in heredes, sed omne, quod in cuiusque lucrum aliquid ex ultima voluntate sentientis talem poenam in testamento scriptum sit, nullius momenti habendum.
1 Africanus, Questions. Where a son under paternal control or a slave is appointed an heir, and the testator also illegally or insultingly bequeaths a legacy which will operate as a penalty against the father or the master, it has been held that the legacy is of no force or effect; for every bequest included in a will which is prompted by a desire for revenge, whether it is left to an heir or to anyone else who derives benefit from the last will of the testator, must be considered void.
2 Marcianus libro sexto institutionum. Poenam a condicione voluntas testatoris separat et an poena, an condicio, an translatio sit, ex voluntate defuncti apparet: idque divi Severus et Antoninus rescripserunt.
2 Marcianus, Institutes, Book VI. The will of the testator distinguishes a penalty from a condition, and whether it is a penalty, a condition, or a transfer that is referred to in the legacy, must be ascertained from the intention of the deceased. This the Divine Severus and Antoninus stated in a Rescript.