Corpus iurisprudentiae Romanae

Repertorium zu den Quellen des römischen Rechts

Digesta Iustiniani Augusti

Recognovit Mommsen (1870) et retractavit Krüger (1928)
Convertit in Anglica lingua Scott (1932)
Dig. XXIX6,
Si quis aliquem testari prohibuerit vel coegerit
Liber vicesimus nonus
VI.

Si quis aliquem testari prohibuerit vel coegerit

(Where Anyone Prevents Another From Making a Will, or Compels Him to Make One.)

1Ul­pia­nus li­bro qua­dra­gen­si­mo oc­ta­vo ad edic­tum. Qui dum cap­tat he­redi­ta­tem le­gi­ti­mam vel ex tes­ta­men­to, pro­hi­buit tes­ta­men­ta­rium in­tro­ire vo­len­te eo fa­ce­re tes­ta­men­tum vel mu­ta­re, di­vus Ha­d­ria­nus con­sti­tuit de­ne­ga­ri ei de­be­re ac­tio­nes de­ne­ga­tis­que ei ac­tio­ni­bus fis­co lo­cum fo­re. 1Si do­mi­nus do­lo fe­ce­rit, ne tes­ta­men­tum mu­ta­re­tur, in quo ser­vus eius scrip­tus erat, quam­vis ma­nu­mis­sus ad­ie­rit he­redi­ta­tem, ac­tio­nes ei de­ne­gan­tur, cum et li­be­ris eius si quid fue­rit da­tum, de­ne­ga­ri de­beat, et­si non fue­rint in po­tes­ta­te. sed si le­ga­tum ei re­lic­tum sit id­que re­sti­tue­re sit ro­ga­tus, con­se­quens erit di­ce­re ad­mit­ti eum ad le­ga­tum, quod non ip­se ha­buis­set, sed ad alium sit trans­la­tu­rus. 2Si plu­res he­redes in­sti­tu­ti sint et om­nes do­lo fe­ce­rint, quo mi­nus tes­ta­men­tum mu­ta­re­tur, di­cen­dum est ac­tio­nes om­ni­bus de­ne­ga­ri, quia om­nes do­lo fe­ce­runt.

1Ulpianus, On the Edict, Book XLVIII. The Divine Hadrian decreed that if anyone, while endeavoring to obtain possession of an estate to which he was entitled either by descent or by will, should prevent a person from entering, who had been sent for, either to draw up a will which the testator desired to execute, or to change one already made, he shall be denied the right to bring any action, and when this is done, the Treasury will be entitled to the estate. 1Where a master acting in bad faith prevents a will from being changed by which his slave had been appointed heir, even though, having been manumitted, the latter should enter upon the estate, he shall be denied all rights of action, and his children, if anything has been left to them, shall also lose their rights, even though they are not under his control. Where, however, a legacy has been left to the master in trust, and he is requested to pay it, it must be said that he can receive the legacy, since he himself is not entitled to it, but it must be transferred to another. 2Where several heirs have been appointed, and all of them are guilty of bad faith in preventing a will from being changed, it must be said that rights of action shall be refused all of them, because all have acted fraudulently.

2Pau­lus li­bro qua­dra­gen­si­mo quar­to ad edic­tum. Si quis do­lo ma­lo fe­ce­rit, ut tes­tes non ve­niant, et per hoc de­fi­cia­tur fa­cul­tas tes­ta­men­ti fa­cien­di, de­ne­gan­dae sunt ac­tio­nes ei qui do­lo fe­ce­rit, si­ve le­gi­ti­mus he­res sit si­ve prio­re tes­ta­men­to scrip­tus. 1Fra­tris au­tem fac­tum fra­tri non no­cet. 2Si fi­dei eius qui do­lum ad­mi­sit com­mis­sum est, ut he­redi­ta­tem re­sti­tue­ret: ea he­redi­tas ca­du­ca cum suis one­ri­bus fiet, ut com­mo­dum le­gis Fal­ci­diae fis­cus sen­tiat, do­dran­tis au­tem fi­dei­com­mis­sa­rius.

2Paulus, On the Edict, Book XLIV. Where anyone acts in bad faith in order to prevent the appearance of witnesses to a will, and by this means the power of making the will is lost, all rights of action shall be refused to the party responsible for the fraud, whether he is the heir-at-law, or was appointed under a former will. 1The act of a brother, however, under these circumstances, does not injure his brother. 2Where he who committed the fraudulent act was charged with the transfer of the estate, it will be forfeited with all liabilities, so that the Treasury will obtain the benefit of the Falcidian Law, and the beneficiary of the trust will receive three-fourths of the estate.

3Pa­pi­nia­nus li­bro quin­to de­ci­mo re­spon­so­rum. Vi­rum, qui non per vim nec do­lum, quo mi­nus uxor, con­tra eum mu­ta­ta vo­lun­ta­te, co­di­cil­los fa­ce­ret, in­ter­ces­se­rat, sed ut fie­ri ad­so­let, of­fen­sam ae­grae mu­lie­ris ma­ri­ta­li ser­mo­ne pla­ca­ve­rat, in cri­men non in­ci­dis­se re­spon­di, nec ei quod tes­ta­men­to fue­rat da­tum au­fe­ren­dum.

3Papinianus, Opinions, Book XV. Where a husband does not, by employing either force or fraud, interfere to prevent his wife from changing, by means of a codicil, a will which she had made in his favor but (as often happens), merely attempts to appease the anger of his wife by marital remonstrances; I gave as my opinion that he was not guilty of any offence, and should not be deprived of what had been given him by the will.